Menthol
A terpenoid from peppermint. Activates TRPM8 cold receptors, producing a cooling sensation. Used in after-shave balms, foot products, and shampoos. Does not treat the skin – provides a sensory effect perceived as 'freshening' or 'toning'. Irritation and contact dermatitis are possible, especially above 1%.
Evidence by route
Topical application
The TRPM8 sensory activation effect is established. No clinically significant therapeutic skin effect. Concentrations above 1% are associated with irritation and contact sensitisation. Restricted in leave-on products under IFRA guidelines.
- IFRA Standard Menthol. 2022.
How to read tiers A–F
- CWeak evidence. In vitro data, open-label studies, or expert consensus
Tolerability and safety
- Irritation potential
- Medium
- Allergen risk
- Moderate
- Pregnancy
- Caution
- Suitable for
- Normal, Oily, Combination
- Use with caution
- Sensitive, Dry
About this ingredient
Menthol is a monoterpene alcohol, the main component of peppermint essential oil. In cosmetics used as a cooling, analgesic, and aromatic component. Mechanism. Activates cold TRPM8 receptors in skin nerve endings – produces a cool sensation without actual temperature drop (Bandell 2007). This temporarily distracts from itch and pain. Causes dilation of superficial vessels. Where applied. Shampoos and conditioners (cool scalp sensation), oily-skin scrubs and toners, foot gels, after-sun products, anti-itch products for eczema and insect bites. Concentration 0.1–3% leave-on, up to 10% rinse-off. Evidence base. Bromm 1995 RCT showed reduced itch in patients with eczema and senile xerosis at 1% menthol. AAD 2024 mentions menthol as a symptomatic anti-pruritic agent in the absence of active inflammation. Safety. CIR confirmed safety up to 3%. In 5–15% of patients it causes irritation, burning, contact dermatitis – especially on damaged and atopic skin. Do not apply to face in children under 2 years – risk of reflex apnea on nasal mucosal contact. Permissible concentration in children's cosmetics (over 2 years) – up to 0.5%. Pregnancy and lactation – use with caution. Topical use at cosmetic concentrations (up to 1%) is acceptable. Avoid application on abdomen, breast, nipples. In lactation do not apply to breast – may reduce lactation (anecdotal data).
Frequently asked questions
Is Menthol safe during pregnancy?
Menthol should be used with caution during pregnancy. Consulting a dermatologist or OB-GYN is advisable.
What skin types is Menthol for?
Menthol suits: normal, oily, combination. Use with caution in: sensitive, dry.
Can Menthol irritate the skin?
Menthol has moderate irritation potential. Sensitive skin may show a transient reaction that usually settles with adaptation.
What is Menthol and what does it do in cosmetics?
A terpenoid from peppermint.
What's the INCI name for Menthol?
The INCI name is Menthol. It may also appear as: L-Menthol.
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