Propylparaben
Long-chain paraben that has preserved cosmetics for over 70 years. The EU limited its concentration from 2014 due to possible endocrine effects.
Evidence by route
Topical application
SCCS allows propylparaben up to 0.14% in cosmetics. Estrogen-like data remain contradictory, so caution during pregnancy stays reasonable.
How to read tiers A–F
- CWeak evidence. In vitro data, open-label studies, or expert consensus
Tolerability and safety
- Irritation potential
- Low
- Allergen risk
- Moderate
- Pregnancy
- Caution
- Suitable for
- Normal, Oily, Combination, Dry
About this ingredient
Propylparaben (propyl ester of para-hydroxybenzoic acid) is a long-chain paraben. Used as a cosmetic preservative for over 70 years. Where applied. Creams, toners, shampoos, mascaras (EU concentration up to 0.14%). Since 2014 the EU has restricted propylparaben and butylparaben (long-chain parabens) – max 0.14% each, 0.8% all parabens combined. Denmark banned them in products for children under 3. Controversy. SCCS 2013 published a review: long-chain parabens (propyl, butyl, isobutyl, isopropyl) show estrogen-like activity in vitro – binding to estrogen receptors 100-1000 times more weakly than estradiol. Systemic studies (Aubert 2012) in humans showed parabens in blood and urine, indirectly reflecting topical absorption. Direct link to breast cancer (Darbre 2004) was criticised methodologically; SCCS did not recognise the risk. Out of caution, cosmetic use is restricted. Safety. Contact dermatitis in 0.2-0.5% of the general population (Schnuch 2018). In eczema patients – up to 1-2%. Pregnancy and lactation – use with caution. EU 1223/2009: propylparaben and butylparaben banned in leave-on products for the nappy area in children under 3 (theoretical estrogen exposure risk during development). In pregnancy and lactation – avoid concentrations above 0.14% over large skin areas. Methylparaben and ethylparaben (short-chain) are safer and remain allowed without restriction.
Frequently asked questions
Is Propylparaben safe during pregnancy?
Propylparaben should be used with caution during pregnancy. Consulting a dermatologist or OB-GYN is advisable.
What skin types is Propylparaben for?
Propylparaben suits: normal, oily, combination, dry.
What is Propylparaben and what does it do in cosmetics?
Long-chain paraben that has preserved cosmetics for over 70 years.
What's the INCI name for Propylparaben?
The INCI name is Propylparaben. It may also appear as: Propyl Paraben.
See Propylparaben in a product composition right on the store page
The Evigrade extension adds an evidence panel to iHerb, Sephora, Druni and 12 more stores. This ingredient and every other one in the product show evidence-tier, allergen risk and pregnancy/lactation flags at a glance.
Similar in action
More ingredients in the database
Prunus Domestica Seed Extract, Pyridoxine, Pyrus Malus Fruit Extract, Quaternium-15, Allium Cepa Bulb Extract, Citronellol, Evernia Prunastri Extract (Oakmoss), Lemon Peel Oil
Published: · updated: