Organic amine used as a pH adjuster and emulsifier. Neutralises acidic polymers (carbomers) allowing them to form gels. Historically ubiquitous, but due to possible nitrosamine formation on contact with nitrites, some manufacturers moved to alternatives – aminomethyl propanol, trometamol. Safe when formulated correctly.
Topical application
BLimited evidence. One RCT or several controlled studies with limitations.
Functional pH adjuster. No standalone skin effect. Yellow rating reflects the historically discussed nitrosamine issue (arises only in formulas with nitrite sources; modern formulations avoid this). With a clean formulation the ingredient is safe.
Triethanolamine (TEA) is an organic amine used as a pH adjuster and emulsifier. Until the 2000s it was in almost every cream and shampoo. Many brands have moved to alternatives because of nitrosamine concerns. Mechanism. A weak base that neutralises acidic polymers (carbomers, acrylates), letting them form gels. Also emulsifies the oil phase into the water phase thanks to its amphiphilic structure. Where applied. Creams and lotions (0.5-3%), shower gels, shampoos, shaving products. In Spain it has historically appeared in La Roche-Posay, Bioderma and Nivea lines and is gradually being replaced by aminomethyl propanol (AMP) and tromethamine (TRIS). Nitrosamine controversy. On contact with nitrites (as ingredients or impurities) triethanolamine can form N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), an IARC 2B carcinogen. The EU Cosmetic Regulation bans using TEA in formulations with nitrite-containing ingredients. With compliant formulation the risk is minimal. Safety. CIR confirmed safety in 2013 up to 5% in leave-on and 10% in rinse-off, provided nitrites are excluded. SCCS EU also confirmed safety with concentration limits. Pregnancy and lactation – safe. Topical systemic absorption is minimal, no fetal risk described. Alternatives. Aminomethyl propanol (AMP), tromethamine (TRIS), sodium hydroxide, potassium citrate – no nitrosamine risk. Many clean-beauty brands specifically claim 'TEA-free'.
Irritation potential
LowAllergen risk
LowPregnancy
SafeSuitable for
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Triethanolamine is considered safe during pregnancy at typical cosmetic concentrations. Systemic absorption through the skin is minimal.
Triethanolamine suits: normal, dry, combination, oily. Use with caution in: sensitive.
Organic amine used as a pH adjuster and emulsifier.
The INCI name is Triethanolamine. It may also appear as: TEA, Триэтаноламин.
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Use with caution