Hydroquinone

The strongest topical depigmenting agent. Inhibits tyrosinase and exerts cytotoxic effects on melanocytes. Prescription-only in many countries.

Brightening

Evidence by route

Topical application

Proven efficacy. Two or more independent RCTs with instrumental endpoints.

Meta-analyses confirm superiority over other depigmenting agents for melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Kligman's triple combination (hydroquinone + tretinoin + corticosteroid) is the gold standard for melasma treatment.

Draelos ZD. Dermatol Ther. 2007;20(5):308-313.
Rajaratnam R et al. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2010;35(6):563-567.

Working concentrations

2–4% (prescription in most countries)

Tolerability and safety

Irritation potential

Medium

Allergen risk

Moderate

Pregnancy

Avoid

For sensitive skin

Prolonged use (>6 months) without breaks can cause ochronosis – irreversible skin darkening. Used in 3–4 month cycles with rest periods.

Skin types

Suitable for

NormalCombinationOily

Use with caution

SensitiveDry

Frequently asked questions

Is Hydroquinone safe during pregnancy?

Hydroquinone is not recommended during pregnancy. Consider an alternative from the same category.

What skin types is Hydroquinone for?

Hydroquinone suits: normal, combination, oily. Use with caution in: sensitive, dry.

Can Hydroquinone irritate the skin?

Hydroquinone has moderate irritation potential. Sensitive skin may show a transient reaction that usually settles with adaptation.