EMINA scale: pressure ulcer risk
Five parameters scored 0-3: mental state, mobility, incontinence, nutrition, activity. Total 0-15, the higher the greater the risk.
Updated · Methodology
The direction is the reverse of the Norton scale: the higher the total, the higher the risk. Maximum 15 points.
About this calculator
The scale was developed and validated in 2000 by nurses at the Catalan Institute of Health and is as widespread in Spain as Norton and Braden. Its name is built from the five parameters it rates: mental state, mobility, incontinence, nutrition and activity. Each scores 0 to 3, for a total of up to 15. The direction is the reverse of the Norton scale, and that is the main source of confusion when moving between them: in Norton a low score means high risk, in EMINA the opposite. What this scale describes better than its predecessors: it has a separate nutrition item tied to albumin and protein, and a separate item for moisture related to incontinence, and skin moisture is precisely what Norton leaves out. The category bands are worth knowing in advance. On the instrument form they run: 0 no risk, 1-3 low, 4-7 medium, 8-15 high. Some publications use bands shifted by one point, so the calculator shows both readings whenever they differ, and the local protocol is what to check against. A risk score does not replace skin inspection: any total sits alongside regular examination of the bony prominences.
Source
Formula version: ics-2000-form-bands-v1
Related
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- MUST, Malnutrition Universal Screening ToolThree steps: body mass index, unplanned weight loss over 3-6 months and acute illness with no intake. Total 0 to 6.
- Barthel IndexBasic activities of daily living across ten items, 0 to 100 points. Baztán thresholds: under 20 total dependence, 100 independence.
- Norton ScalePressure ulcer risk across five parameters scored 1 to 4. The lower the total, the higher the risk: 14 or below indicates risk.
- Downton Fall Risk IndexFall risk across five blocks, maximum 11 points. High-risk threshold: 3 points or more.