Nocturnal leg cramps
Sudden painful involuntary contractions of calf muscles at night. Most cases are idiopathic. In the absence of a secondary cause (medication, metabolic, or neurological), specific therapy has limited evidence.
ICD-10 R25.21 drug
Also known as: Idiopathic calf cramps
Marketing claims without evidence base
The drug is promoted for these uses outside international guidelines. Each entry below is analyzed against AEMPS, FDA, EMA, Cochrane and major RCTs.
How to read tiers A–F
Evidence tiers belong to the drug-indication pair, not to the drug as a whole: the same substance can be A for one condition and F for another.
- AStrong evidence – first or second line in international guidelines
- BRecommended in selected cases
- CStudy data contradict each other
- DBenefit not proven, no documented harm
- FDocumented harm, or risk without benefit