Evigrade

Galantamine

AEMPS

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with allosteric nicotinic modulation

ATC code: N06DA04

Brand names: Reminyl, Razadyne, Galnora

Updated · Methodology

Indications

A

Alzheimer disease

First line

First-line for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease per 2018, 2024, and SEN 2024 alongside donepezil and rivastigmine. Starting dose 8 mg once daily (extended-release) titrated to 24 mg over 4–8 weeks. Efficacy comparable to other AChE inhibitors. Some patients tolerate it better thanks to nicotinic modulation.

ICD-10: G30 · ICD-11: 8A20

Marketing claims without evidence base

The drug is promoted for these uses outside international guidelines. Each entry below is analyzed against AEMPS, FDA, EMA, Cochrane and major RCTs.

F

Memory and concentration enhancement

Not recommended

Galantamine is a cholinesterase inhibitor originally isolated from the snowdrop. It is prescribed only for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease ( 2018 and NG97 guidelines). In biohacker circles, galantamine is promoted as a natural nootropic and as an enhancer of lucid dreams. No clinical studies in healthy adults confirm an effect on memory or dreams. Galantamine's availability as a dietary supplement in Eastern Europe does not change its prescription-only status in the EU or its risks: bradycardia, syncope, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. If galantamine was recommended for memory or lucid dreaming, consider seeking a second opinion.

How to read tiers A–F
  • AStrong evidence – first or second line in international guidelines
  • BRecommended in selected cases
  • CStudy data contradict each other
  • DBenefit not proven, no documented harm
  • FDocumented harm, or risk without benefit

Mechanism of action

Dual mechanism: reversible competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibition plus allosteric modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Enhances cholinergic transmission and stimulates presynaptic nicotinic receptors, increasing release of acetylcholine, dopamine, and noradrenaline. A natural alkaloid originally isolated from snowdrop Galanthus. CYP2D6- and CYP3A4-metabolized.

Safety

Contraindications

  • Galantamine hypersensitivity
  • Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C)
  • Severe renal impairment (eGFR under 9)
  • Combined severe hepatic and renal impairment
  • Pregnancy and lactation
  • Age under 18

Serious adverse effects

  • Bradycardia and AV block, syncope
  • Severe cutaneous reactions (Stevens–Johnson syndrome, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis)
  • GI bleeding
  • Seizures

Common adverse effects

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Reduced appetite and weight loss
  • Diarrhea
  • Dizziness
  • Tremor
  • Fatigue

Pregnancy: can you take Galantamine?

Not indicated.

Breastfeeding: can you take Galantamine?

Not used during lactation.

Reference information, not a clinical decision. Discuss feeding pauses or changes with your physician or an IBCLC.

Practical notes

Timing and administration

Take once daily with food (preferably breakfast) to reduce nausea. With eGFR under 30 or hepatic Child-Pugh B, maximum dose 16 mg daily. Strong CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 inhibitors (paroxetine, ketoconazole, erythromycin) raise levels – cap at 16 mg in such combinations. In patients with bradycardia or AV conduction problems, obtain ECG before initiation.
Label mentions21 mentions

Verbatim lines from the interaction sections, in the language of the label

From this drug’s label

  • CriticalDonepezil
    «Debido a su mecanismo de acción, galantamina no se debe administrar concomitantemente con otros colinomiméticos (tales como ambenonio, donepezilo, neostigmina, piridostigmina, rivastigmina o…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • CriticalRivastigmine
    «Debido a su mecanismo de acción, galantamina no se debe administrar concomitantemente con otros colinomiméticos (tales como ambenonio, donepezilo, neostigmina, piridostigmina, rivastigmina o…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Debido a su mecanismo de acción, galantamina no se debe administrar concomitantemente con otros colinomiméticos (tales como ambenonio, donepezilo, neostigmina, piridostigmina, rivastigmina o…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • Majorbetabloqueantesclass named in the label
    «Debido a su mecanismo de acción, galantamina no se debe administrar concomitantemente con otros colinomiméticos (tales como ambenonio, donepezilo, neostigmina, piridostigmina, rivastigmina o…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • MajorDigoxin
    «Debido a su mecanismo de acción, galantamina no se debe administrar concomitantemente con otros colinomiméticos (tales como ambenonio, donepezilo, neostigmina, piridostigmina, rivastigmina o…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • ModerateAINEclass named in the label
    «Trastornos gastrointestinales: Los pacientes con riesgo elevado de desarrollar úlceras pépticas, por ejemplo, aquellos con antecedentes de enfermedad ulcerosa o predisposición a padecer estas…»

    AEMPS, section 4.4 · Open on CIMA

  • ModerateFluoxetine
    «Estudios formales de interacción con fármacos han mostrado un aumento de la biodisponibilidad de galantamina de alrededor del 40 % durante la administración conjunta con paroxetina (un potente…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • Moderateinhibidores del CYP2D6class named in the label
    «Estudios formales de interacción con fármacos han mostrado un aumento de la biodisponibilidad de galantamina de alrededor del 40 % durante la administración conjunta con paroxetina (un potente…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • Moderateinhibidores del CYP3A4class named in the label
    «Estudios formales de interacción con fármacos han mostrado un aumento de la biodisponibilidad de galantamina de alrededor del 40 % durante la administración conjunta con paroxetina (un potente…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • ModerateKetoconazole
    «Estudios formales de interacción con fármacos han mostrado un aumento de la biodisponibilidad de galantamina de alrededor del 40 % durante la administración conjunta con paroxetina (un potente…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • Moderatemedicamentos que prolongan el QTclass named in the label
    «Debido a su mecanismo de acción, galantamina no se debe administrar concomitantemente con otros colinomiméticos (tales como ambenonio, donepezilo, neostigmina, piridostigmina, rivastigmina o…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • ModerateParoxetine
    «Estudios formales de interacción con fármacos han mostrado un aumento de la biodisponibilidad de galantamina de alrededor del 40 % durante la administración conjunta con paroxetina (un potente…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • ModerateQuinidine
    «Estudios formales de interacción con fármacos han mostrado un aumento de la biodisponibilidad de galantamina de alrededor del 40 % durante la administración conjunta con paroxetina (un potente…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • ModerateRitonavir
    «Estudios formales de interacción con fármacos han mostrado un aumento de la biodisponibilidad de galantamina de alrededor del 40 % durante la administración conjunta con paroxetina (un potente…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Estudios formales de interacción con fármacos han mostrado un aumento de la biodisponibilidad de galantamina de alrededor del 40 % durante la administración conjunta con paroxetina (un potente…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Memantina, un antagonista del receptor N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA), no tuvo efecto sobre la farmacocinética de galantamina de 16 mg cápsulas de liberación prolongada una vez al día en estado…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • neuromuscular blockersclass named in the label
    «DRUG INTERACTIONS: Synergistic effect expected when given concurrently with succinylcholine, other cholinesterase inhibitors, similar neuromuscular blocking agents, or cholinergic agonists ( 7.2 )»

    FDA, section 7 · Open on DailyMed

  • «Dosis terapéuticas de galantamina 24 mg/día no tuvieron efecto en la cinética ni en el tiempo de protrombina de warfarina.»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

From other drugs’ labels

  • «Medicamentos reguladores de lípidos: Cariprazina, Galantamina, Hal operidol, Reboxetina, Venlafaxina»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «En un ensayo clínico realizado en sujetos jóvenes sanos, no se han observado efectos relevantes de memantina sobre la farmacocinética de la galantamina.»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Donepezilo y galantamina, ambos sustratos de CYP2D6 y CYP3A4 no tienen un efecto clínicamente relevante sobre la farmacocinética de la fracción antipsicótica activa.»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

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Frequently asked

What is Galantamine used for?

Galantamine is evaluated for the following indications with varying evidence strength: Alzheimer disease (evidence tier A), Memory and concentration enhancement (evidence tier F). See the full indication matrix with dosing and citations above on this page.

What are the side effects of Galantamine?

Common side effects of Galantamine (≥ 1 in 100): Nausea and vomiting, Reduced appetite and weight loss, Diarrhea, Dizziness, Tremor, Fatigue. See the Safety section for uncommon and serious reactions.

Is Galantamine safe during pregnancy?

Not indicated.

Is Galantamine compatible with breastfeeding?

Not used during lactation.

Who should not take Galantamine?

Galantamine is contraindicated in: Galantamine hypersensitivity; Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C); Severe renal impairment (eGFR under 9); Combined severe hepatic and renal impairment; Pregnancy and lactation. Full list in the Safety section.

Official sources

Direct links to regulator labels. Open in a new tab.

Other drugs in this group

Ginkgo biloba extract, Glycine (as a marketed «nootropic»), Hopantenic acid (calcium hopantenate), Huperzine A (Huperzia serrata), Methylphenidate, Piracetam, Venlafaxine, Choline bitartrate