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Glycolic Acid

Alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) with the smallest molecular weight in the group. Accelerates desquamation, evens skin tone and texture.

Anti-agingBrighteningAcne

Evidence by route

Topical application

A

Proven efficacy. Two or more independent RCTs with instrumental endpoints.

One of the most extensively studied AHAs. RCTs and systematic reviews confirm efficacy for acne, melasma, photoaging, and keratosis. Professional peels at 20–70% concentrations have extensive clinical evidence.

  • Sharad J. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2013;6(3):137-143.
  • Tang SC et al. J Dermatol Sci. 2018;90(1):10-17.

Working concentrations

1–10% in leave-on products; 20–70% peels – professional use only

Tolerability and safety

Irritation potential

Medium

Allergen risk

Low

Pregnancy

Safe

For sensitive skin

Risk of burning and irritation with prolonged contact. Products containing glycolic acid require daily SPF30+ sun protection.

Skin types

Suitable for

NormalCombinationOily

Use with caution

SensitiveDry

Combinations with other ingredients

Works well with

L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)L-Аскорбиновая кислота (витамин C)

Applying vitamin C over AHA boosts bioavailability of both – low pH helps ascorbic acid stability. Best done in the morning.

Does not combine with

Salicylic AcidСалициловая кислота

Two acid exfoliants at once are excessive. Alternate: AHA one evening, BHA another, to avoid barrier overload.

RetinolРетинол

Using both in one routine raises irritation 2-3x. Alternate: retinol at night, AHA on a different evening.

NiacinamideНиацинамид

When combined in one formula, niacinamide can convert to nicotinic acid (flush, redness). Rare in modern leave-on, but alternating is safer.

Frequently asked questions

Is Glycolic Acid safe during pregnancy?

Glycolic Acid is considered safe during pregnancy at typical cosmetic concentrations. Systemic absorption through the skin is minimal.

What skin types is Glycolic Acid for?

Glycolic Acid suits: normal, combination, oily. Use with caution in: sensitive, dry.

Can Glycolic Acid irritate the skin?

Glycolic Acid has moderate irritation potential. Sensitive skin may show a transient reaction that usually settles with adaptation.