Evigrade

Ezetimibe

AEMPS

Selective intestinal cholesterol absorption inhibitor

ATC code: C10AX09

Updated · Methodology

Indications

A

Primary hypercholesterolemia

Second line

Preferred second-line agent when targets are not met on a maximum-tolerated statin under 2019. In IMPROVE-IT, adding ezetimibe to simvastatin after acute coronary syndrome reduced cardiovascular events by 6.4% over 7 years, confirming benefit of further LDL lowering. Dose 10 mg once daily with or without food. In statin-intolerant patients, ezetimibe monotherapy is used.

ICD-10: E78.0 · ICD-11: 5C80.00

Marketing claims without evidence base

The drug is promoted for these uses outside international guidelines. Each entry below is analyzed against AEMPS, FDA, EMA, Cochrane and major RCTs.

F

Anti-aging and longevity

Not recommended

Ezetimibe is an intestinal cholesterol absorption inhibitor. It is prescribed in addition to a statin for hyperlipidemia and for secondary CV prevention ( 2019; IMPROVE-IT 2015 showed benefit when added to simvastatin after acute coronary syndrome). In healthy adults with normal lipid profile, ezetimibe is used for anti-aging protection against atherosclerosis. In people without confirmed hyperlipidemia or high CV risk, no clinical studies of prophylactic use exist. The drug is relatively safe but can cause myalgia, elevated liver enzymes, and diarrhea. If ezetimibe was prescribed at a normal lipid profile, consider seeking a second opinion.

How to read tiers A–F
  • AStrong evidence – first or second line in international guidelines
  • BRecommended in selected cases
  • CStudy data contradict each other
  • DBenefit not proven, no documented harm
  • FDocumented harm, or risk without benefit

Mechanism of action

Selectively inhibits the NPC1L1 (Niemann-Pick C1-like 1) transporter on the small-intestine enterocyte brush border. Blocks absorption of dietary cholesterol and biliary sterols, without affecting triglyceride, fat-soluble vitamin, or bile acid uptake. Reduced cholesterol delivery to the liver upregulates receptors, increasing LDL clearance from blood. Lowers LDL by 17–20% as monotherapy and adds another 15–25% on top of a statin.

Safety

Contraindications

  • Ezetimibe hypersensitivity
  • Active hepatic disease or unexplained transaminase elevation more than 3× ULN (when combined with a statin)

Serious adverse effects

  • Cholestatic hepatitis (rare, with concomitant statin)
  • Pancreatitis
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Allergic reactions

Common adverse effects

  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Fatigue
  • Myalgia (less common than with statins)

Pregnancy: can you take Ezetimibe?

Safety not established. T1 use is not recommended. Lipid lowering is usually not a priority during pregnancy – stop statins and ezetimibe before conception.

Breastfeeding: can you take Ezetimibe?

No data on milk excretion. Use during lactation is not recommended.

Reference information, not a clinical decision. Discuss feeding pauses or changes with your physician or an IBCLC.

Practical notes

Timing and administration

Take once daily at any time – food does not affect absorption. With a statin, both are usually taken together in the evening (when cholesterol synthesis peaks). Re-check 4–6 weeks after start; once at target, monitor every 6–12 months. In statin-intolerant patients, ezetimibe therapy does not remove the need to retry a lower statin dose or another statin (tolerability varies).
Label mentions22 mentions

Verbatim lines from the interaction sections, in the language of the label

From this drug’s label

  • ModerateCiclosporin
    «Ciclosporina: En un estudio, la administración de una dosis única de 10 mg de ezetimiba a ocho pacientes sometidos a un trasplante renal con aclaramiento de creatinina superior a 50 ml/min y en…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • antiácidosclass named in the label
    «Antiácidos: La administración concomitante de antiácidos redujo la tasa de absorción de ezetimiba, pero no tuvo efecto sobre su biodisponibilidad. Esta reducción de la tasa de absorción no se…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • anticoagulantesclass named in the label
    «Anticoagulantes: La administración concomitante de ezetimiba (10 mg una vez al día) no tuvo un efecto significativo sobre la biodisponibilidad de warfarina y el tiempo de protrombina en un estudio en…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • anticonceptivos hormonalesclass named in the label
    «En estudios de interacción clínica, ezetimiba no tuvo efecto sobre la farmacocinética de dapsona, dextrometorfano, digoxina, anticonceptivos orales (etinilestradiol y levonorgestrel), glipizida…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Estatinas: No se observaron interacciones farmacocinéticas clínicamente relevantes cuando ezetimiba se administró junto con atorvastatina, simvastatina, pravastatina, lovastatina, fluvastatina o…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «En estudios de interacción clínica, ezetimiba no tuvo efecto sobre la farmacocinética de dapsona, dextrometorfano, digoxina, anticonceptivos orales (etinilestradiol y levonorgestrel), glipizida…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «En estudios de interacción clínica, ezetimiba no tuvo efecto sobre la farmacocinética de dapsona, dextrometorfano, digoxina, anticonceptivos orales (etinilestradiol y levonorgestrel), glipizida…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «En estudios de interacción clínica, ezetimiba no tuvo efecto sobre la farmacocinética de dapsona, dextrometorfano, digoxina, anticonceptivos orales (etinilestradiol y levonorgestrel), glipizida…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • fibratosclass named in the label
    «Fibratos: En pacientes que están recibiendo ezetimiba y fenofibrato, los médicos deben conocer el posible riesgo de colelitiasis y enfermedad de la vesícula biliar (ver secciones 4.4 y 4.8).»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Estatinas: No se observaron interacciones farmacocinéticas clínicamente relevantes cuando ezetimiba se administró junto con atorvastatina, simvastatina, pravastatina, lovastatina, fluvastatina o…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Fibratos: La administración concomitante con fenofibrato o gemfibrozilo aumenta la concentración total de ezetimiba (aproximadamente 1,5 y 1,7 veces respectivamente).»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «En estudios de interacción clínica, ezetimiba no tuvo efecto sobre la farmacocinética de dapsona, dextrometorfano, digoxina, anticonceptivos orales (etinilestradiol y levonorgestrel), glipizida…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Estatinas: No se observaron interacciones farmacocinéticas clínicamente relevantes cuando ezetimiba se administró junto con atorvastatina, simvastatina, pravastatina, lovastatina, fluvastatina o…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Estatinas: No se observaron interacciones farmacocinéticas clínicamente relevantes cuando ezetimiba se administró junto con atorvastatina, simvastatina, pravastatina, lovastatina, fluvastatina o…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Estatinas: No se observaron interacciones farmacocinéticas clínicamente relevantes cuando ezetimiba se administró junto con atorvastatina, simvastatina, pravastatina, lovastatina, fluvastatina o…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Estatinas: No se observaron interacciones farmacocinéticas clínicamente relevantes cuando ezetimiba se administró junto con atorvastatina, simvastatina, pravastatina, lovastatina, fluvastatina o…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Anticoagulantes: La administración concomitante de ezetimiba (10 mg una vez al día) no tuvo un efecto significativo sobre la biodisponibilidad de warfarina y el tiempo de protrombina en un estudio en…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

From other drugs’ labels

  • ModerateAtorvastatin
    «Ezetimiba: El uso de ezetimiba en monoterapia se asocia con acontecimientos relacionados con el músculo, incluyendo rabdomiólisis. El riesgo de esos acontecimientos puede por tanto estar aumentado…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • ModerateEltrombopag
    «Transporters: Use caution when concomitantly administering eltrombopag and drugs that are substrates of OATP1B1 (e.g., atorvastatin, bosentan, ezetimibe, fluvastatin, glyburide, olmesartan…»

    FDA, section 7 · Open on DailyMed

  • «La ezetimiba y su metabolito glucurónido inhiben la absorción del colesterol alimentario y biliar. La coadministración de pitavastatina no tuvo ningún efecto en las concentraciones plasmáticas de…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Ezetimiba: el uso concomitante de rosuvastatina 10 mg con 10 mg de ezetimiba provocó un aumento de 1,2 veces en el AUC de rosuvastatina en sujetos hipercolesterolémicos (Tabla 1). Sin embargo, no se…»

    AEMPS, section 4.5 · Open on CIMA

  • «Drug Interactions that Increase the Risk of Myopathy and Rhabdomyolysis with Simvastatin: Clinical Impact: Cases of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis have been observed with concomitant use of lipid…»

    FDA, section 7 · Open on DailyMed

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Frequently asked

What is Ezetimibe used for?

Ezetimibe is evaluated for the following indications with varying evidence strength: Primary hypercholesterolemia (evidence tier A), Anti-aging and longevity (evidence tier F). See the full indication matrix with dosing and citations above on this page.

What are the side effects of Ezetimibe?

Common side effects of Ezetimibe (≥ 1 in 100): Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Fatigue, Myalgia (less common than with statins). See the Safety section for uncommon and serious reactions.

Is Ezetimibe safe during pregnancy?

Safety not established. T1 use is not recommended. Lipid lowering is usually not a priority during pregnancy – stop statins and ezetimibe before conception.

Is Ezetimibe compatible with breastfeeding?

No data on milk excretion. Use during lactation is not recommended.

Who should not take Ezetimibe?

Ezetimibe is contraindicated in: Ezetimibe hypersensitivity; Active hepatic disease or unexplained transaminase elevation more than 3× ULN (when combined with a statin). Full list in the Safety section.

Official sources

Direct links to regulator labels. Open in a new tab.

Other drugs in this group

Fluvastatin, Gemfibrozil, Krill oil, Lovastatin, Pitavastatin, Rosuvastatin + Ezetimibe, Atorvastatin, Omega-3 triglycerides (EPA and DHA)