Betaine

Evidence by route

About this ingredient

Betaine (trimethylglycine) is a natural osmolyte produced from sugar beet molasses. Present in every plant and animal cell where it regulates osmotic pressure and donates methyl groups in biochemistry. Mechanism. On skin it works as a second-generation humectant: binds water with its hydration shell and holds it in the stratum corneum. Unlike glycerin it has no sticky feel and does not draw moisture from the dermis in dry air. Stabilises keratinocyte membranes under osmotic stress (dry wind, retinoids, acid peels). Compatible with any pH and any actives. Where applied. Serums, toners, creams, shampoos, micellar waters (0.5–5%). Often pairs with glycerin, urea, panthenol, and hyaluronic acid. In Spain in CeraVe Hydrating Cleanser, La Roche-Posay Toleriane, Avène Tolérance Extrême. Evidence base. Boncheva 2014 (n=33, 4 weeks) showed improved hydration and reduced transepidermal water loss with 4% betaine vs placebo. Additionally a mild anti-inflammatory effect – suitable for post-procedure recovery. Safety. CIR confirmed safety in 2017. Hypoallergenic, non-comedogenic, non-irritating. Topical systemic absorption is minimal. Pregnancy and lactation – safe. Used without restriction. An excellent humectant for dry and sensitive gestational skin. Particularly suitable for. A universal humectant for any skin type. Especially helpful in dry and sensitive skin, after retinoids and acids, in xerosis. No contraindications.

Tolerability and safety

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