Proteolytic enzyme from papaya. Gently dissolves keratin of dead cells and works as a gentle alternative to acid peels.
Topical application
BLimited evidence. One RCT or several controlled studies with limitations.
The enzyme works more gently than acids, but some users develop contact urticaria. Allergy risk runs higher in people sensitive to latex and bromelain.
Papain is a proteolytic enzyme from the latex of papaya fruit and leaves (Carica papaya). In pharmaceuticals used for burns and surgical necrectomy. In cosmetics – a mild enzymatic peeling agent. Mechanism. Cleaves peptide bonds in stratum corneum proteins – dead corneocytes, without affecting living cells. An alternative to chemical AHA/BHA peels, milder in tolerance. Where applied. Enzymatic peels, masks, cleansing powders, scrubs. Concentration 0.1–2%. In Spain in Sesderma Acglicolic, Mesoestetic. Evidence base. Traversa 2013 RCT (n=30) showed texture and brightening improvement over 4 weeks with 1% papain. Less effective than glycolic and salicylic acids but better tolerated. No systematic review. Safety. CIR confirmed safety at cosmetic concentrations. In 5–10% of patients causes irritation and contact dermatitis. Cross-reaction in patients with latex and kiwi allergy. Pregnancy and lactation – use with caution. Oral papain and raw papaya are contraindicated in pregnancy – latex contains uterotonic components (carpaine). Topical use at cosmetic concentrations is likely safe, but AAD 2023 and SEGO 2023 recommend avoiding the face and abdomen. Alternative – PHA (gluconolactone), azelaic acid.
Irritation potential
MediumAllergen risk
ModeratePregnancy
CautionSuitable for
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Papain should be used with caution during pregnancy. Consulting a dermatologist or OB-GYN is advisable.
Papain suits: normal, oily, combination. Use with caution in: sensitive.
Papain has moderate irritation potential. Sensitive skin may show a transient reaction that usually settles with adaptation.
Proteolytic enzyme from papaya.
The INCI name is Papain.
Published: · updated:
Use with caution