Titanium Dioxide
Mineral UV filter effective mainly in the UVB and short-wave UVA range. Often combined with zinc oxide for broad-spectrum protection.
Evidence by route
Topical application
Approved as a UV filter by the FDA and in the EU (Regulation 1223/2009, Annex VI). Does not penetrate skin. Weaker than zinc oxide against long-wave UVA1, making combination use optimal.
- Smijs TG et al. Nanotechnol Sci Appl. 2011;4:95-112. PMID 24198489
How to read tiers A–F
- AProven efficacy. Two or more independent RCTs with instrumental endpoints
Tolerability and safety
- Irritation potential
- Low
- Allergen risk
- Low
- Pregnancy
- Safe
- Suitable for
- Oily, Dry, Sensitive, Combination, Normal
Combinations with other ingredients
About this ingredient
Titanium Dioxide (TiO2, CI 77891) is a mineral UV filter and white pigment. One of two approved mineral sunscreen filters (alongside zinc oxide) in the EU and FDA. Mechanism. Reflects and scatters UV (mainly UVB and short-wave UVA II up to 360 nm). UVA I efficacy (340-400 nm) is lower, so formulas often combine it with zinc oxide (broad spectrum) or organic UVA filters (Tinosorb S, Mexoryl 400). Where applied. Sunscreens for all skin types, BB creams, foundations, infant sunscreens. Concentration in sunscreens 5-25%. In Spain – Bioderma Photoderm Mineral, Avène Mineral, La Roche-Posay Anthelios Mineral, Isdin Fotoprotector Pediatrics Mineral. Forms. Micronised (>100 nm) – pronounced white cast. Nano-form (<100 nm) – less white cast, better cosmetics, but requires '[nano]' labelling in the EU. SCCS confirmed safety of nano-TiO2 on intact skin. Evidence base. All major dermatological bodies (AAD, EADV, AEDV) include TiO2 in first-line sunscreen filters. Effective in rosacea, melasma, after laser procedures, in pregnancy, in children from 6 months. Does not cause irritation. Safety. CIR and SCCS confirmed safety at all concentrations for topical use. Non-sensitizing. Systemic absorption through intact skin is zero. Nano-TiO2 inhalation controversy. IARC classifies inhaled TiO2 as a 'possible carcinogen' (Group 2B) based on industrial dust-exposed worker studies. No risk for topical sunscreens – no skin absorption, inhalation only from spray formats (EU labels them 'not for children under 12 on the face'). Pregnancy and lactation – agent of choice. Applicable at any stage and on any area, including nipples during breastfeeding. Advantage over organic filters – zero systemic absorption.
Frequently asked questions
Is Titanium Dioxide safe during pregnancy?
Titanium Dioxide is considered safe during pregnancy at typical cosmetic concentrations. Systemic absorption through the skin is minimal.
What skin types is Titanium Dioxide for?
Titanium Dioxide suits: oily, dry, sensitive, combination, normal.
What is Titanium Dioxide and what does it do in cosmetics?
Mineral UV filter effective mainly in the UVB and short-wave UVA range.
What's the INCI name for Titanium Dioxide?
The INCI name is Titanium Dioxide. It may also appear as: CI 77891.
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