Water

INCI: Aqua

The number one solvent in cosmetic formulas. Provides hydration of the upper stratum corneum but does not penetrate into deeper layers.

Moisturizing

Evidence by route

Topical application

Weak evidence. In vitro data, open-label studies, or expert consensus.

Water is the base of most cosmetic formulas. On its own it does not restore the barrier: without emollients and occlusives, moisture quickly evaporates from the skin surface.

Tolerability and safety

Irritation potential

Low

Allergen risk

Low

Pregnancy

Safe

Skin types

Suitable for

OilyDrySensitiveCombinationNormal

Frequently asked questions

Is Water safe during pregnancy?

Water is considered safe during pregnancy at typical cosmetic concentrations. Systemic absorption through the skin is minimal.

What skin types is Water for?

Water suits: oily, dry, sensitive, combination, normal.