Glycerin

Evidence by route

About this ingredient

Glycerin (Glycerol) is a trihydric alcohol and one of the most widely used humectants in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Produced via saponification of plant oils (rapeseed, palm, coconut) or from biodiesel by-products. Mechanism. Humectant – draws water from air and deeper skin (dermis) into the stratum corneum. Restores skin barrier by stimulating ceramide synthesis and natural moisturizing factor (NMF). At 5-10% it outperforms urea and propylene glycol for moisturization (Atrux-Tallau 2010). Where applied. Creams and lotions (3-20%), serums, shampoos, soaps, toothpaste, rectal suppositories, injectable formulations (as stabilizer). Popular in Spain in Bioderma Atoderm, La Roche-Posay Lipikar, Cerave Hidratante. Evidence base. AAD 2024 and NICE 2024 recommend glycerin-containing emollients as first-line in atopic dermatitis. SCORAD reduction by 25-40% in mild-to-moderate atopy over 4-8 weeks of daily use. In children and pregnancy – the drug of choice. Safety. CIR confirmed safety in 2014 at concentrations up to 99%. Hypoallergenic, non-comedogenic. Topical systemic absorption is minimal. Allergic reactions extremely rare. Concentration controversy. At over 25% in dry air (winter, air-conditioned rooms) glycerin can pull water from skin into the air – tight, dry feel. Solution: 3-15% in creams for dry climate, or apply on top of cream as an occlusive layer. Pregnancy and lactation – safe. Acceptable at any stage on any skin area including face, breast, abdomen, nipples. One of the few ingredients without restrictions in pregnancy.

Tolerability and safety

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