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Hyaluronic Acid (Low Molecular Weight)

Fragmented hyaluronic acid with a mass <50 kDa. Penetrates the epidermis better than the high-molecular form, but at high concentrations may trigger a pro-inflammatory response.

INCI: Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate

Evidence by route

B

Topical application

Studies show improved hydration and firmness with prolonged use. Epidermal penetration is confirmed, but some low-MW fragments activate TLR receptors, causing mild inflammation. The 'deep hydration vs. inflammation' balance depends on concentration and fragment size.

  • Essendoubi M et al. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0146786. PMID 25877232
How to read tiers A–F
  • BLimited evidence. One RCT or several controlled studies with limitations

Tolerability and safety

Irritation potential
Low
Allergen risk
Low
Pregnancy
Safe
Suitable for
Dry, Normal, Combination
Use with caution
Sensitive

About this ingredient

Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (Low-MW HA, typically <50 kDa) is a fragmented form of the natural connective-tissue polysaccharide. Produced by enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis of high-MW HA, or by biosynthesis. Mechanism. Unlike high-MW HA that stays on the surface and forms a film, low-MW penetrates the upper epidermis. Binds water as a humectant (1 g binds up to 1 L of water under ideal conditions), though real formulas deliver less. Also stimulates fibroblasts to synthesize their own HA. Where applied. Serums, creams, patches, post-procedure products (0.1-2%). In Spain in Sesderma Hidraderm Hyal, Endocare Hydractive, Mesoestetic Hyaluronic Acid Booster. Often combined with high-MW HA for multi-level hydration (Vichy Minéral 89, La Roche-Posay Hyalu B5). Evidence base. RCTs with topical 0.1-1% low-MW HA: Pavicic 2011 (76 women, 8 weeks) – improved skin hydration and reduced wrinkle depth. Bukhari 2018 meta-analysis: HA improves stratum corneum hydration regardless of MW, but wrinkle differences are not significant. Controversy. Ultra-low fragments (<20 kDa) may activate TLR4 receptors and trigger pro-inflammatory signaling – shown in cell models (Jiang 2005). On intact skin in healthy people no clinically meaningful effect appears, but in barrier pathology (atopic dermatitis, rosacea) such formulas are used cautiously. Safety. CIR and SCCS rate HA of any MW as safe in cosmetics (CIR 2009, re-evaluated 2019). Non-irritating, non-comedogenic, does not photosensitize. Pregnancy and lactation – safe. Suitable for all skin types, especially dehydrated skin, post-procedure (laser, peels, mesotherapy), and acne (hydrates without oiliness).

Frequently asked questions

Is Hyaluronic Acid (Low Molecular Weight) safe during pregnancy?

Hyaluronic Acid (Low Molecular Weight) is considered safe during pregnancy at typical cosmetic concentrations. Systemic absorption through the skin is minimal.

What skin types is Hyaluronic Acid (Low Molecular Weight) for?

Hyaluronic Acid (Low Molecular Weight) suits: dry, normal, combination. Use with caution in: sensitive.

What is Hyaluronic Acid (Low Molecular Weight) and what does it do in cosmetics?

Fragmented hyaluronic acid with a mass <50 kDa.

What's the INCI name for Hyaluronic Acid (Low Molecular Weight)?

The INCI name is Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate. It may also appear as: Sodium Hyaluronate (Low Molecular Weight), Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid, Mini Hyaluronic Acid.

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