INCI: Oenothera Biennis Oil
Oil from evening primrose seeds. One of the richest plant sources of gamma-linolenic acid (8–10%). Supports the barrier in atopic and dry skin, particularly in patients with omega-6 deficiency.
Topical application
BLimited evidence. One RCT or several controlled studies with limitations.
Topical and oral use show modest improvement in atopic dermatitis symptoms and dryness. Effect is small compared with ceramide-based emollients but statistically significant.
Evening Primrose Oil (EPO, Oenothera Biennis Oil) is cold-pressed from the seeds of Oenothera biennis. One of the richest plant sources of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 8-10%) – an omega-6 fatty acid that human skin cannot synthesize itself. Mechanism. GLA converts to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and then to prostaglandin E1 – an anti-inflammatory mediator. Restores the lipid barrier in omega-6 deficiency in atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis patients. Where applied. Repair creams and serums for atopic and dry skin, breast-care products during pregnancy and lactation, oral supplements (use with caution). In Spain in Mádara, Weleda, ISDIN Natura. Topical evidence base. Cochrane Review 2013 (Bamford) analyzed 27 RCTs of systemic and topical EPO in atopic dermatitis – found no convincing efficacy for oral use. Topical data are sparser, but small studies (Senapati 2008) show moderate reduction in transepidermal water loss and improved barrier over 4-8 weeks of daily use. Safety. CIR confirmed safety. Comedogenicity 2/5 on the Fulton scale – may be a problem for acne-prone patients. Theoretical cross-reactivity in patients allergic to primrose seed or related plants. Pregnancy – use with caution. Systemic (oral) use in pregnant women has been linked to preterm contractions and prolonged labor (Dove 2008). Topical use at cosmetic concentrations is considered safe. Lactation – no data, but topical use on the body away from the areola carries no risk.
Irritation potential
LowAllergen risk
LowPregnancy
CautionSuitable for
Use with caution
The Evigrade extension adds an evidence panel to iHerb, Sephora, Druni and 12 more stores. This ingredient and every other one in the product show evidence-tier, allergen risk and pregnancy/lactation flags at a glance.
Evening Primrose Oil should be used with caution during pregnancy. Consulting a dermatologist or OB-GYN is advisable.
Evening Primrose Oil suits: normal, dry, sensitive. Use with caution in: oily.
Oil from evening primrose seeds.
On the Fulton scale 2/5 – low comedogenicity. For acne-prone skin, a rating of 3 or higher suggests choosing an alternative.
The INCI name is Oenothera Biennis Oil. It may also appear as: Oenothera Biennis Seed Oil, Evening Primrose Oil, EPO.
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