Chelator that binds heavy-metal ions (calcium, iron, copper). In cosmetics it prevents oxidation of actives, rancidification of oils, and emulsion discolouration, and enhances preservative efficacy. Works at low concentrations – typically 0.05-0.2%. Raises ecological concerns (poor biodegradability), but alternatives such as Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate have emerged relatively recently.
Topical application
BLimited evidence. One RCT or several controlled studies with limitations.
Functional chelator. No standalone skin effect. CIR assessment shows a favourable safety profile at typical concentrations.
Tetrasodium EDTA (tetrasodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a synthetic chelator. Binds heavy-metal ions in the formula and prevents their catalytic action on oxidation. Mechanism. Forms stable complexes with calcium, iron, copper, zinc ions. Without a chelator these ions catalyse degradation of vit C, retinoids, polyphenols, and oil rancidification. Also boosts preservative efficacy and improves surfactant foaming in hard water. Where applied. Almost all emulsions, cleansers, antioxidant serums. Concentration 0.05-0.2%, near the end of the INCI list. Safety. CIR confirmed safety across all cosmetic types up to 1%. Non-sensitizing. Topical systemic absorption is minimal. Environmental controversy. EDTA biodegrades poorly in water and accumulates in the environment. The EU and US are considering restrictions for household and cosmetic products. Alternatives – Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate (GLDA), Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate (EDDS), sodium phytate – are biodegradable and gradually replace EDTA in clean formulas. Pregnancy and lactation – safe at cosmetic concentrations.
Irritation potential
LowAllergen risk
LowPregnancy
SafeSuitable for
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Tetrasodium EDTA is considered safe during pregnancy at typical cosmetic concentrations. Systemic absorption through the skin is minimal.
Tetrasodium EDTA suits: normal, dry, combination, oily, sensitive.
Chelator that binds heavy-metal ions (calcium, iron, copper).
The INCI name is Tetrasodium EDTA. It may also appear as: Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate, EDTA, Тетранатрия ЭДТА.
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