Witch Hazel
Bark and leaf extract with astringent and anti-inflammatory properties. Common in toners, but the distillate usually contains alcohol.
Evidence by route
Topical application
Anti-inflammatory properties of gallotannins confirmed in vitro and in small atopic dermatitis studies. Astringent effect is evident, but long-term use of the alcohol-containing distillate may compromise the barrier.
- Wolff HH et al. Eur J Pediatr. 2007;166(9):943-8. PMID 17177071
How to read tiers A–F
- CWeak evidence. In vitro data, open-label studies, or expert consensus
Tolerability and safety
- Irritation potential
- Medium
- Allergen risk
- Low
- Pregnancy
- Safe
- Suitable for
- Oily, Combination
- Use with caution
- Sensitive, Dry
For sensitive skin
Witch Hazel Water (distillate) often contains 14–15% ethanol, which can dry and irritate skin. Alcohol-free extract-based formulas are preferable.
About this ingredient
Witch hazel (Hamamelis Virginiana) is an extract from the bark and leaves of a North American shrub. Used in Native American traditional medicine and European phytotherapy since the 18th century as an astringent, anti-inflammatory, and haemostatic agent. Composition. Contains hamamelitannin (5-10% in extract), catechins, flavonoids, essential oil (with traces of eugenol). Astringent activity comes from tannins, anti-inflammatory from flavonoids. Where applied. Toners (Thayers Witch Hazel, Avène Toner, Mario Badescu), anti-acne products, aftershave lotions, eye-area products against puffiness. Most witch hazel distillates contain 14% ethanol (as stabiliser), adding a drying effect. Evidence base. Korting 1995 RCT in 72 atopic dermatitis patients over 14 days showed improvement of itching and erythema comparable to 0.5% hydrocortisone. Hughes-Formella 2002 confirmed anti-inflammatory effect in UV-erythema. In acne the effect is modest – astringent action may briefly reduce sebum but does not treat acne causes. Safety. CIR confirmed safety. Ethanol in distillates is the main irritant: in dry and sensitive skin it can worsen barrier damage. In rosacea and perioral dermatitis – contraindicated due to irritation. Eugenol in the essential oil is a known allergen, with mandatory labelling in the EU. Pregnancy – use with caution. Topically safe at cosmetic concentrations. Oral use in pregnancy is not recommended due to theoretical uterine stimulation risk. Suited for. Oily and combination skin without dryness or sensitivity, aftershave care, light toners in acne patients. NOT for rosacea, atopy, perioral dermatitis, or dry skin.
Frequently asked questions
Is Witch Hazel safe during pregnancy?
Witch Hazel is considered safe during pregnancy at typical cosmetic concentrations. Systemic absorption through the skin is minimal.
What skin types is Witch Hazel for?
Witch Hazel suits: oily, combination. Use with caution in: sensitive, dry.
Can Witch Hazel irritate the skin?
Witch Hazel has moderate irritation potential. Sensitive skin may show a transient reaction that usually settles with adaptation.
What is Witch Hazel and what does it do in cosmetics?
Bark and leaf extract with astringent and anti-inflammatory properties.
What's the INCI name for Witch Hazel?
The INCI name is Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water. It may also appear as: Hamamelis Virginiana Water, Hamamelis Virginiana Extract, Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Extract.
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